Case study in progress
Service DesignFacilitationInsight & AnalysisHealthcare2023

Using service design to improve mental health services through the eyes of healthcare specialists

A three-month advisory engagement with Helse Sør-Øst's internal audit at Akershus University Hospital — combining data analysis, clinician interviews, and co-creative workshops into a roadmap the clinics helped write.

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Adult outpatient mental health clinics at Akershus University Hospital were under serious strain: referrals growing far faster than clinical capacity, worn-down specialists, and patient pathways nobody had full overview of. As part of a three-person team from Helse Sør-Øst's internal audit, I was responsible for the insight phase and for facilitating the co-creative workshops — using service design inside an audit framework to turn a difficult situation into a shared challenge picture and a prioritized roadmap for improvement.

Role
Consultant — insight lead and facilitator (Deloitte)
Team
Three people: engagement owner and engagement lead from internal audit, plus me
Duration
3 months (Oct–Dec 2023)
Client
Konsernrevisjonen, Helse Sør-Øst RHF — at Akershus University Hospital's Mental Health and Substance Abuse division
Impact
Report 6/2023 with a co-created improvement roadmap — well received by leadership and published openly

Problem area

Three clinics, rising demand, and no shared picture of why it hurt

The general outpatient clinics at DPS Grorud, DPS Nedre Romerike, and DPS Follo treat adults with mental health conditions — and they were struggling. Clinicians were wearing down, expensive specialists were being hired in to cope, and the division itself pointed to compounding problems: more referrals, long pathways, and suspected unwanted variation in how often and how long patients were seen.

+83%
growth in referrals at one clinic in a single year — while clinicians grew only 38%
43 → 96
days of waiting time at the hardest-hit clinic, 2019–2023
412
patients on internal waiting lists across the three clinics (Nov 2023)
7–13
months of pathway duration for the same diagnosis, depending on the clinic

The division knew it was struggling. What it lacked was a shared, evidence-based picture of why — and agreement on what to fix first. Because the problems were already acknowledged, the planned audit was reshaped into an advisory engagement: less about control, more about understanding and improvement.


The assignment

What we set out to do

Map the operational reality
Understand how the clinics actually plan staffing and run patient pathways — not how the routine descriptions say they do.
Ground it in data and lived experience
Triangulate hard activity data with what leaders, clinicians, and office staff experience every day.
Leave a foundation, not just findings
End with prioritized challenges and a roadmap the organization could act on — co-created, not prescribed.

Insight approach

Four lenses on the same system

I was responsible for the insight phase, designing it around a simple principle: no single source would be trusted on its own. We combined service design with Prosjektveiviseren, the Norwegian public-sector project framework, and examined the clinics through four lenses:

01 · Data analysis
Activity data from the hospital's clinical and staffing systems (DIPS, GAT, Power BI): referrals, clinician capacity, active patients, and waiting times, 2019–2023.
02 · Interviews
Conversations with leaders, psychologist and medical advisors, clinicians, and office managers at all three clinics — how the pressure actually lands in their day.
03 · Journal review
Patient records for two diagnosis groups (recurrent depression and ADHD), reviewed together with leaders and clinicians: were treatment plans used as living tools?
04 · Document review
Governing plans, guidelines, and role descriptions — had the division set the clinics up with clear roles and responsibilities?

Each lens corrected the others. The numbers alone said “capacity problem.” The specialists said “planning and tooling problem.” The journals said “overview problem.” The truth needed all three.

Development trends (figur 3–4)
Charts showing referrals, clinician capacity, active patients, and waiting times per clinic, 2019–2023

Findings

Five places where the system worked against the people in it

Staffing planned by habit
Next year's staffing was based on this year's — not on patient demand. With referrals surging, clinicians were assigned new patients weekly; the 30-patient list target was routinely exceeded.
Operations run day to day
Exact appointments were only booked about one month ahead, against a six-month requirement. Patients beyond that got tentative slots — and joined internal waiting lists.
The invisible long-runners
A surprisingly large share of "active" patients had started treatment years earlier. The scale was unknown to the clinics themselves — capacity was being consumed without anyone deciding it.
Same diagnosis, different journey
Average pathways for the same diagnosis varied from 7 to 13 months and 11 to 24 consultations between clinics — variation without a visible clinical rationale.
Treatment plans as paperwork
Where treatment plans existed, they were static template documents. Evaluations were hard to trace, so nobody had a working overview of where each pathway stood.

Underneath it all ran one human thread: specialists who wanted to give good care, squeezed between targets they couldn't influence, tooling that made routine work heavy, and lists that never got shorter. We synthesized the full picture into 15 distinct challenges.

The challenge picture (figur 9–10)
The 15 synthesized challenges with their causes and consequences

Co-creation

Prioritized by the people who live with the problem

My second responsibility was facilitation. Rather than ranking the challenges ourselves, I designed and facilitated a workshop where leaders, clinicians, and office managers did it — together. Every challenge was discussed and corrected with their input first, so the picture they prioritized was one they recognized as their own.

We then placed each challenge in a prioritization matrix — the operational effect of solving it against the effort required, from quick fix to radical change — and worked in groups to shape solutions. The result was a roadmap across three half-years, moving the clinics toward one goal: stable and predictable operations.

Prioritization matrix (figur 11)
The 15 challenges placed by effect of solving them vs. effort required
Roadmap (figur 12)
Solutions across three half-years, grouped by leadership, staffing planning, capacity, and patient pathways
Correction built ownership
Letting participants edit the challenge picture before prioritizing it turned an external review into their own diagnosis.
Effect × effort made it honest
The matrix forced real trade-off conversations — separating quick wins from changes that need leadership commitment.

Retrospective

A challenge picture the organization recognized — and a plan it helped write

The engagement was delivered as Report 6/2023 to the hospital's CEO, the division director, and the CEO of Helse Sør-Øst, and published openly on the regional health authority's website. The report was well received by leadership — and because employees from every level had shaped it, the work created engagement that a traditional audit rarely does.

A public, board-level report
Report 6/2023 — a thorough, evidence-based challenge picture delivered to hospital and regional leadership.
A co-created roadmap
Improvement actions across three half-years, prioritized by effect and effort, owned by the clinics themselves.
Early effects during the project
One clinic introduced half-day assessments along the way — already reporting the desired effect on continuity and treatment start.
Engagement at every level
Leaders, advisors, clinicians, and office staff all contributed — turning an audit into a shared improvement effort.

What I learned

Specialists are users too
Service design usually centers patients. Here, designing the inquiry around clinicians' reality revealed problems no patient survey would have found.
Audit and design are allies
Audit-grade data gave the design work credibility; design methods gave the audit empathy and ownership. Each made the other land harder.
Shared facts unlock hard talks
Prioritizing painful trade-offs became possible because everyone argued from the same evidence — not from anecdote against anecdote.
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